Socio-behavioral predictors of changes in dentition status: a prospective analysis of the 1942 Swedish birth cohort

Astrom AN, Ekback G, Ordell S, Unell L. Socio‐behavioral predictors of changes in dentition status: a prospective analysis of the 1942 Swedish birth cohort. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2011; 39: 300–310. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Abstract – Objectives: Using a prospective cohort design, this study assessed loss of natural teeth between ages 50 and 65. Guided by a conceptual framework grouping variables according to the life‐course stage at which they would be expected to operate, this study assessed the impacts of socio‐behavioral and disease‐related factors on tooth loss between ages 50 and 65. Methods: In 1992, all 50‐year‐olds in two counties of Sweden were invited to participate in a longitudinal questionnaire survey. Of the total population of 8888 subjects, 6346 responded (71.4%). Of the 6346 subjects who completed the 1992 questionnaire, 4143 (65%) completed postal follow‐ups at ages 55, 60 and 65. Results: For the total sample, the prevalence of having lost at least some teeth increased from 76% at age 50–85.5% at age 65. A total of 14% women and 13% men changed from having all teeth in 1992 to having tooth loss in 2007. Stepwise logistic regression analyses focused on predictors of tooth loss between 1992 and 2007. The following life‐stage predictors achieved or approached statistical significance with respect to overall tooth loss; country of birth and education (early life and young adult life stage), marital status, dental care avoidance because of high cost, smoking and reporting consistent pain (middle‐age and early‐old‐age life stage). Conclusion: Fewer substantial proportions of the 1942 cohort experienced tooth loss between ages 50 and 65. Tooth loss was highly prevalent from age 50 and increased moderately with increasing age. Oral disease‐related factors and socio‐behavioral characteristics such as refraining from dental care because of financial limitations, acting at earlier and later life‐course stages were major risk factors for having tooth loss. Early primary prevention of smoking and increased equitable access to dental care might improve tooth retention throughout the transition from middle age to early‐older age.     

A long-term follow-up study of non-submerged ITI implants in the treatment of totally edentulous jaws. Part I: Ten-year life table analysis of a prospective multicenter study with 1286 implants

In this prospective multicenter study, non-submerged ITI implants were followed in order to evaluate their long-term prognosis in fully edentulous jaws. A total of 1286 implants were inserted in 233 consecutive patients and, after a healing period of three to six months, the successfully integrated implants were restored with 163 overdentures and 95 fixed full-arch bridges. This prospective study not only calculated the 10-year cumulative survival and success rates for the 1286 implants by life table analysis, but also evaluated the actual survival and success rates for 498 implants after at least five years of functional loading. In addition, cumulative success rates were calculated for implant subgroups according to implant length and location. Additional analyses were performed to evaluate the estimated and actual survival and success rates of the implants in relation to various prosthetic rehabilitation techniques. The 10-year cumulative survival and success rates were 95.9% and 92.7%, respectively. The actual 5-year survival and success rates of the first 498 implants that were inserted were 97.7% and 95.0%, respectively. The analysis of implant subgroups showed slightly more favourable cumulative success rates for 12 mm long implants (93%), in comparison to 10 mm and 8 mm long implants (91.6% and 89.6%, respectively). The cumulative success rate for mandibular implants (approximately 94%) was also more favourable than that for maxillary implants (approximately 91%). Patients who were loaded with both maxillary and mandibular prostheses maintained success rates well above 90%; while only implants that were inserted to support maxillary overdentures that were retained by Dolder bars showed a success rate below 90%.     

不同年龄层高脂血症患者个体化护理的血脂控制

【摘要】 目的 探讨不同年龄层高脂血症患者实施个体化护理对其血脂控制的临床效果。 方法 选取2015年1月～2019年12月我院收治的高脂血症患者480例作为研究对象,按照不同年龄层划分为青中年组(18～59岁)240例和老年组(≥60岁)240例。两个不同年龄层组又随机分为中青年观察与对照亚组及老年观察与对照亚组,每组各120例。两个年龄层对照组患者均接受传统护理。青中年观察组患者均联合实施协同护理模式干预,老年观察组均联合实施指导监督个体化护理方式干预,比较各组临床效果。 结果 两组不同年龄层患者干预前相关不良生活方式、生化指标无明显差异(P＞0.05)。接受个体化护理干预后,不同年龄层观察亚组患者相关不良生活方式及血脂水平较干预前均得以明显改善(P＜0.05),且明显优于其对照亚组(P＜0.05);各对照亚组干预前后相关指标无明显差异(P＞0.05)。 结论 针对不同年龄层高脂血症患者实施个体化护理干预,可有效改善患者不良生活习惯,有助于控制血脂水平,改善患者预后。     

社会支持对肝移植患者生存质量的影响

目的研究社会支持与肝移植患者生活质量的关系，探讨提高这一特殊人群生存质量的有效途径。方法采用描述、相关性研究方法，对90例肝移植患者进行生活质量和社会支持两方面问卷调查，以分析其相关性。结果生存质量中的社会领域、总体生存质量与社会支持总分呈正相关；总体生存质量与主观支持呈正相关，生理领域与客观支持呈正相关；社会领域与总体生存质量与对支持的利用度呈正相关。结论社会支持与肝移植患者生存质量密切相关，护士应重视社会支持系统对提高肝移植患者生活质量的作用，并有效利用。     

国人版角膜接触镜配戴者生活质量量表的研制与评估

目的：研制国人版角膜接触镜配戴者生活质量量表（CLIQ）并评估其信度和效度,分析得分的影响因素。方法：对英国原版CLIQ进行翻译、回译、文化调试,形成国人版量表。采用横断面研究,选择2015年4─12月在温州医科大学附属眼视光医院就诊的角膜接触镜配戴者205例进行问卷调查, 其中再随机选取20例由2名调查员分别进行调查,对问卷数据进行统计分析。结果：回收有效问卷201例。视功能维度因应答率小于50%被删除。量表Cronbach's α系数为0.77,眼部症状维度为0.68, 便利性、经济和情感维度均>0.7,量表Guttmann Split-Half系数为0.89,眼部症状、便利性、经济和情感维度分别为0.75、0.78、0.65和0.93。认知维度Cronbach's α系数和Guttmann Split-Half系数均为 0.49故被删除;删除条目20后健康关注维度Cronbach's α系数和Guttmann Split-Half系数分别为0.68 和0.73。2名调查员之间的评分结果高度相关（r=0.87～0.99,P<0.001）。各条目的条目水平内容效度指数为0.83～1.00,量表的平均水平内容效度指数为0.95。探索性因子分析提取的5个因子分别对应各维度,累计方差贡献率60.43%。眼部症状维度与年龄（r=-0.153,P=0.03）和戴镜年数（r=-0.167, P=0.018）轻度相关,情感维度与戴镜年数轻度相关（r=0.209,P=0.003）。量表总分在不同戴镜年数[（3.60±0.34）年 vs. （3.71±0.32）年,P=0.026、每月戴镜天数[（3.60±0.33）d vs. （3.70±0.33）d, P=0.041]和无/有眼部症状（3.71±0.32 vs. 3.60±0.34,P=0.021）的配戴者间差异有统计学意义。软镜配戴者的经济维度对分高于硬镜配戴者（t=2.588,P=0.017）。结论：删去视功能维度、认知维度和条目20后,CLIQ量表的信度和效度较好,戴镜年数越长、每月戴镜天数越多以及无眼部症状的患者得分较高,硬镜配戴者在花费方面的担忧更多。     

社区护理干预对提高糖尿病患者生活质量的影响

对８２例糖尿病患者实施社区护理干预，２个月后评估干预效果：血糖下降，生活质量提高；使疾病对社会活动的影响减少，抑郁和焦虑障碍减轻；本文还讨论了社区护理干预的方法和组织形式     

Evaluation of patients' quality of life aspects after cardiac pacemaker implantation

Objective

To evaluate patients'' quality of life aspects after pacemaker implantation, relating it to gender, age, and implantation timespan.

Methods

A total of 107 clinically stable patients of both genders (49.5% women and 50.5% men) over 18 years old (average 69.3±12.6 years) and presenting an implantation timespan of three to 12 months (average 6.36±2.99 months) were evaluated. The evaluation included personal, clinical, and implant data as well as quality of life questionnaires (AQUAREL and SF-36). Statistical analysis was conducted using the t test and Pearson correlation, with a 5% significance level.

Results

The lowest SF-36 score referred to physical aspects, and the highest score referred to social aspects. In AQUAREL, the lowest score referred to dyspnea, and the highest referred to discomfort. There was a significant association between gender and quality of life in SF-36 (physical functioning and emotional aspects) and in AQUAREL (dyspnea). A negative correlation was observed between age and quality of life (functional capacity in SF-36, and discomfort in AQUAREL) in relation to implantation timespan, a correlation with vitality from SF-36.

Conclusion

Lower quality of life scores were found in physical aspects and dyspnea; and higher scores in social aspects and discomfort. Men presented higher quality of life scores related to physical functioning, emotional aspects and dyspnea. As age increases, quality of life worsens regarding functional capacity and discomfort; and the longer the pacemaker implantation timespan, the worse quality of life when it comes to vitality. Gender, age, and implantation timespan influence quality of life; thus, these variables must be considered in strategies for improving quality of life of patients with pacemakers.     

规范化认知行为治疗对社区残留型精神分裂症患者生活质量和社会功能的影响

目的 探讨规范化的认知行为治疗（CBT）对社区慢性残留型精神分裂症患者的生活质量及其社会功能的改善作用.方法 于2011年6月～2012年1月将北京市原崇文区的社区慢性残留型精神分裂症患者32例按随机数字表分为CBT组和对照组,CBT组给予常规治疗联合规范化的认知行为治疗,对照组仅给予常规治疗,均干预3个月,比较两组患者的生活质量和社会功能变化.结果 12周时CBT组的心理因子、社会功能评分显著高于对照组（t分别为2.229,3.024; P＜0.05）;38周时CBT组的生活质量总分、心理因子和社会功能评分显著高于对照组（t分别为2.072,2.706,2.818;P＜0.05）;64周时CBT组的生活质量总分、生理因子、心理因子及社会功能评分均显著高于对照组（t分别为2.208,2.055,2.647,4.109; P＜0.05）.结论 规范化的认知行为治疗可能显著改善社区慢性残留型精神分裂症患者的生活质量和社会功能,但由于样本量小等因素尚需在社区中进一步研究与推广应用.     

安寐丹对不同周期睡眠剥夺模型大鼠昼夜节律、学习记忆及食欲素的影响

目的:观察安寐丹对3、6、9月龄睡眠剥夺(SD)模型大鼠昼夜节律、学习记忆及食欲素(OX)的影响并探讨其最佳显效周期及可能机制。方法:根据大鼠生长周期,分别选取3、6、9月龄SD大鼠,运用随机数字表分为空白组、模型组、艾司唑仑组(0.09mg·kg-1·d-1)、安寐丹组(9.09g·kg-1·d-1),除空白组外均采用对氯苯丙氨酸(PCPA)腹腔注射叠加多平台水环境剥夺法建立SD模型,空白组、模型组给予等容0.9%氯化钠溶液灌胃,灌胃1周。运用自主活动仪监测大鼠昼夜节律,Morris水迷宫检测其学习记忆,ELISA检测大鼠血清食欲素A(OXA)、食欲素B(OXB)含量,免疫荧光检测下丘脑区OX含量表达。结果:各月龄大鼠造模后昼夜节律紊乱,其活动时间和活动距离均高于空白组(P<0.05,P<0.01);大鼠造模后下丘脑区OX含量较空白组增多,尤以9月龄大鼠OX含量增多较为明显;安寐丹能一定程度改善SD大鼠上平台潜伏期、游泳总路程、穿越站台次数和象限活动时间(P<0.05,P<0.01),且各月龄改善效果有别,但9月龄大鼠安寐丹灌胃后上平台潜伏期、游泳总路程最短(P<0.01);安寐丹能一定程度降低各月龄SD大鼠OXA、OXB含量(P<0.05,P<0.01),但各月龄降低程度有别,且安寐丹组降低9月龄大鼠OX含量较艾司唑仑组明显。结论:安寐丹能改善不同周期SD模型大鼠的昼夜节律紊乱、学习记忆障碍,其机制可能与调节OXA、OXB有关,且初步认为安寐丹对9月龄SD模型大鼠作用效果最佳。     

行为护理在老年脑梗死患者康复过程中的应用价值

【目的】探讨行为护理在老年脑梗死（ACI）患者康复过程中的应用价值。【方法】选择2014年6月至2015年10月本院神经内科收治的105例老年ACI患者为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组。对照组给予常规护理,观察组在对照组的基础上给予行为护理。干预4周后,比较两组患者干预前后日常生活能力、运动功能和生活质量的差别。【结果】干预前两组患者的日常生活功能评定量表（BI）各维度得分和总分、运动功能评定量表（FMA）评分以及生活质量评分均无明显差别;干预后,两组患者的各项指标均有所提高,且观察组均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。【结论】行为护理在老年ACI患者康复过程中的应用可明显提高患者的运动能力,提高其生活质量。